The working paper by Rodrigo Arocena and Judith Sutz examines how national systems of innovation and transformative change can be understood from the perspective of underdevelopment, with particular attention to power relations, knowledge distribution, and societal needs. Drawing on Latin American scholarship, it argues that traditional innovation frameworks developed in industrialised contexts may overlook crucial … from Searching new alternative for development: National Systems of Innovation and Transformative Change as seen from Underdevelopment